股票指标基础知识: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
| (27 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
; 市盈率 Price Earnings Ratio | ; 市盈率 Price Earnings Ratio | ||
衡量市场愿意为公司每 1 元盈利支付多少钱。市盈率越高,代表市场对未来增长预期越高。 | 衡量市场愿意为公司每 1 元盈利支付多少钱。市盈率越高,代表市场对未来增长预期越高。 | ||
<math>市盈率 = \frac{股价}{每股收益}</math> | <math> | ||
市盈率 = | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{股价}} | |||
{\text{每股收益}} | |||
</math> | |||
<math> | |||
PE = | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Market Price Per Share}} | |||
{\text{Earnings Per Share}} | |||
</math> | |||
; | ; 动态市盈率 Forward Price Earnings Ratio | ||
使用未来预计盈利计算的市盈率,反映市场对未来业绩的预期。 | |||
<math> | |||
{\text{Forward PE =}} | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Price}} | |||
{\text{Expected EPS}} | |||
</math> | |||
; | |||
; 静态市盈率 Historical Price Earnings Ratio | |||
使用上一完整财年盈利计算的市盈率。 | |||
<math> | |||
{\text{Historical PE =}} | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Price}} | |||
{\text{Last Fiscal Year EPS}} | |||
</math> | |||
; 滚动市盈率 Trailing Twelve Months Price Earnings Ratio | |||
使用最近连续十二个月盈利计算的市盈率,是机构最常使用的 PE 指标。 | |||
<math> | |||
{\text{TTM PE =}} | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Price}} | |||
{\text{TTM EPS}} | |||
</math> | |||
== 盈利能力指标 == | == 盈利能力指标 == | ||
; 每股收益 Earnings Per Share | |||
公司赚取的净利润,平均分摊到每一股股票上的金额。 | |||
<math> | |||
每股收益 = | |||
\frac{\text{净利润}} | |||
{\text{总股本}} | |||
</math> | |||
<math> | |||
EPS = | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Net Income}} | |||
{\text{Shares Outstanding}} | |||
</math> | |||
; 营业收入 Revenue | |||
公司通过主营业务获得的总收入,是企业规模的重要指标。 | |||
<math>Revenue = Sales + {\text{Service Income}} + {\text{Other Operating Income}}</math> | |||
; | ; 净利润 Net Income | ||
企业扣除全部成本、费用、税金后的最终利润。 | |||
<math>Net Income = Revenue - Expenses - Taxes</math> | |||
== 资产质量指标 == | == 资产质量指标 == | ||
; 市净率 Price Book Ratio | |||
衡量市场愿意为公司每 1 元净资产支付多少钱。 | |||
<math> | |||
PB = | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Price}} | |||
{\text{Book Value Per Share}} | |||
</math> | |||
; | ; 每股净资产 Book Value Per Share | ||
公司净资产平均分摊到每一股股票上的金额,可理解为理论清算价值。 | |||
<math> | |||
BPS = | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Shareholders Equity}} | |||
{\text{Shares Outstanding}} | |||
</math> | |||
== 成长性指标 == | == 成长性指标 == | ||
; Price Earnings to Growth Ratio | |||
将市盈率与利润增长率结合,用于衡量成长股估值是否合理。通常认为 PEG ≈ 1 较合理。 | |||
<math> | |||
PEG = | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{PE}} | |||
{\text{Growth Rate}} | |||
</math> | |||
; 利润增长率 Earnings Growth Rate | |||
衡量公司盈利扩张速度。 | |||
<math> | |||
Growth Rate = | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Current Earnings - Previous Earnings}} | |||
{\text{Previous Earnings}} | |||
</math> | |||
== 规模指标 == | == 规模指标 == | ||
; 总市值 Market Capitalization | |||
市场给予整个公司的总估值。 | |||
<math>总市值 = 股价 \times 总股本</math> | |||
<math> | |||
{\text{Market Cap =}} | |||
Price times Shares Outstanding | |||
</math> | |||
== 现金流指标 == | == 现金流指标 == | ||
; 自由现金流 Free Cash Flow | |||
企业经营活动产生的、可自由支配的现金。比利润更难造假,是价值投资者重点关注指标。 | |||
<math> | |||
FCF = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure</math> | |||
== 分红指标 == | == 分红指标 == | ||
; 股息 Dividend | |||
公司向股东分配的现金收益。 | |||
; | ; 股息率 Dividend Yield | ||
持有股票一年可获得的股息回报率。 | |||
<math> | |||
{\text{Dividend Yield =}} | |||
\frac | |||
{\text{Annual Dividend}} | |||
{\text{Share Price}} | |||
</math> | |||
Latest revision as of 14:00, 23 June 2026
估值指标
- 市盈率 Price Earnings Ratio
衡量市场愿意为公司每 1 元盈利支付多少钱。市盈率越高,代表市场对未来增长预期越高。
<math> 市盈率 = \frac {\text{股价}} {\text{每股收益}} </math>
<math> PE = \frac {\text{Market Price Per Share}} {\text{Earnings Per Share}} </math>
- 动态市盈率 Forward Price Earnings Ratio
使用未来预计盈利计算的市盈率,反映市场对未来业绩的预期。
<math> {\text{Forward PE =}} \frac {\text{Price}} {\text{Expected EPS}} </math>
- 静态市盈率 Historical Price Earnings Ratio
使用上一完整财年盈利计算的市盈率。
<math> {\text{Historical PE =}} \frac {\text{Price}} {\text{Last Fiscal Year EPS}} </math>
- 滚动市盈率 Trailing Twelve Months Price Earnings Ratio
使用最近连续十二个月盈利计算的市盈率,是机构最常使用的 PE 指标。
<math> {\text{TTM PE =}} \frac {\text{Price}} {\text{TTM EPS}} </math>
盈利能力指标
- 每股收益 Earnings Per Share
公司赚取的净利润,平均分摊到每一股股票上的金额。
<math> 每股收益 = \frac{\text{净利润}} {\text{总股本}} </math>
<math> EPS = \frac {\text{Net Income}} {\text{Shares Outstanding}} </math>
- 营业收入 Revenue
公司通过主营业务获得的总收入,是企业规模的重要指标。
<math>Revenue = Sales + {\text{Service Income}} + {\text{Other Operating Income}}</math>
- 净利润 Net Income
企业扣除全部成本、费用、税金后的最终利润。
<math>Net Income = Revenue - Expenses - Taxes</math>
资产质量指标
- 市净率 Price Book Ratio
衡量市场愿意为公司每 1 元净资产支付多少钱。
<math> PB = \frac {\text{Price}} {\text{Book Value Per Share}} </math>
- 每股净资产 Book Value Per Share
公司净资产平均分摊到每一股股票上的金额,可理解为理论清算价值。
<math> BPS = \frac {\text{Shareholders Equity}} {\text{Shares Outstanding}} </math>
成长性指标
- Price Earnings to Growth Ratio
将市盈率与利润增长率结合,用于衡量成长股估值是否合理。通常认为 PEG ≈ 1 较合理。
<math> PEG = \frac {\text{PE}} {\text{Growth Rate}} </math>
- 利润增长率 Earnings Growth Rate
衡量公司盈利扩张速度。
<math> Growth Rate = \frac {\text{Current Earnings - Previous Earnings}} {\text{Previous Earnings}} </math>
规模指标
- 总市值 Market Capitalization
市场给予整个公司的总估值。
<math>总市值 = 股价 \times 总股本</math>
<math> {\text{Market Cap =}} Price times Shares Outstanding </math>
现金流指标
- 自由现金流 Free Cash Flow
企业经营活动产生的、可自由支配的现金。比利润更难造假,是价值投资者重点关注指标。
<math> FCF = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure</math>
分红指标
- 股息 Dividend
公司向股东分配的现金收益。
- 股息率 Dividend Yield
持有股票一年可获得的股息回报率。
<math> {\text{Dividend Yield =}} \frac {\text{Annual Dividend}} {\text{Share Price}} </math>